RNAs encoding proteins that act to shut off the genes encoding them ( Hall 1995 Dunlap 1996 Rosbash et al. The animal kingdom, circadian rhythms are regulated by similar negative feedback loops involving the rhythmic expression of Recent studies have suggested that across NREM and REM sleep are mainly regulated by circadian and homeostatic processes. Total sleep deprivation and/or REM sleep deprivation are both lethal in Muscle atonia, rapid eye movements, and dreaming. Paradoxical sleep, is characterized by low-voltage fast electroencephalogram activity, increased brain metabolism, skeletal This sleep cycle is ∼90 min long and is repeated multiple times during nocturnal sleep. (NREM) sleep (stage I and II), followed by deep NREM sleep or slow-wave sleep (stage III and IV) and finally rapid eye movement Sleep onset is first characterized by light nonrapid eye movement Have shown that sleep is physiologically heterogeneous. Sleep consumes almost one-third of any human lifetime, yet its biological function remains unknown. Of sleep mechanisms, as has been the case for circadian rhythms following the cloning of frq, per, and Clock. The molecular cloning of this gene may lead to a better understanding A tightly linked marker for canarc-1 has been identified, and positional cloning studies are under way to isolate canarc-1 from a newly developed canine genomic BAC library. The disorder is transmitted as a non-MHC single autosomal recessive trait with full penetrance ( canarc-1). Genetic factors other than HLA are also likely to be involved. This has suggested the possibility that narcolepsy may be an autoimmune disorder, a hypothesis HLA alleles ( DQB1* 0602 and DQA1* 0102) that predispose to the disorder. Research in human narcolepsy has led to the identification of specific Narcolepsy is both a significant medical problemĪnd a unique disease model for the study of sleep. Sleep including cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations. Narcolepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and abnormal manifestations of REM
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